MANEJO TERAPÊUTICO DO COMPLEXO MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM E COMPLEXO MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII

Abstract

Introduction: The management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria is highly complex, frequently requiring prolonged therapeutic regimens. The occurrence of microbiological failure constitutes a significant obstacle to achieving an adequate clinical response. Objectives: To describe the therapeutic management of the Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium kansasii complex, and to provide guidance on clinical conduct in cases of therapeutic failure. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted across the PubMed, LILACS-Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. Data Synthesis: The treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium kansasii complex is based on multidrug regimens (three or more drugs), primarily involving macrolides, rifampin, and, in severe or cavitary cases, aminoglycosides. In instances of resistance or treatment failure, the incorporation of drugs such as moxifloxacin, linezolid, and clofazimine is recommended. Conclusions: Timely diagnosis, standardized or individualized treatment schemes, and monitoring by specialized centers are decisive factors for achieving better clinical outcomes.