INFECÇÃO LATENTE PELO MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (ILTB)

Novos paradigmas de rastreio, indicação de profilaxia em populações especiais e esquemas encurtados

Abstract

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a state of persistent immune response without evidence of active disease, affecting one-quarter of the global population[1,2,3]. In Brazil, in 2025, 84,368 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported, with an incidence of 39.5/100,000 inhabitants, keeping the country as a global priority for the WHO[4,5]. This article reviews screening paradigms, detailing PST and IGRA techniques, and risk stratification in advanced therapy users, where TNF-α inhibitors and JAKi pose the highest risks of reactivation[1,6,7]. The safety profiles of shortened regimens are discussed, notably 3HP, which reached 81.7% preference in Brazil in 2025 due to high adherence[3,4].This article reviews new paradigms in the management of LTBI, integrating recent epidemiological data from Brazil.